Luca's nix configuration

1 介绍#

1.1 本仓库#

该仓库包含了我的系统配置。主要目标是拥有一个便携且可复制的系统,以便快速和自动化地引导新系统。理想情况下,可以在不同操作系统之间共享软件包和配置。目前我只使用macOS系统,但我已经为将来切换到nixOS做好了准备。

工具:

  • nix 作为软件包管理器
  • home-manager 用于配置软件包和dotfiles
  • nix-darwin 用于配置macOS系统(例如,它有一个很棒的brew模块)

1.2 本文件#

这个文件(readme.org)用于生成(正确的术语是tangle)我的flake.nix文件,其中我指定了系统配置的输入和输出。生成的flake.nix文件导入其他.nix文件(例如darwin/default.nix)。

最好以HTML格式查看此文件此处 ,或者通过org-mode(克隆该仓库并在emacs中打开)。您也可以访问我的博客网站

2 flake.nix#

2.1 文件结构#

# 注意:此文件是从readme.org中提取的
# 请勿手动编辑
{
  description = "Luca Cambiaghi的darwin配置";
  <<inputs>>
  outputs = inputs@{ self, nixpkgs, darwin, home-manager, flake-utils, ... }:
    let
      <<nixpkgs-config>>
      <<home-manager-config>>
      <<nix-darwin-config>>
    in {
      darwinConfigurations = {
        <<luca-macbookpro>>
        <<github-ci>>
      };
      <<cloud-vm>>
      <<home-manager-modules>>
    } //
    <<dev-shell>>
}

2.2 输入#

inputs = {
  # 软件包集
  nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable";
  nixpkgs-master.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/master";
  nixpkgs-stable-darwin.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-20.09-darwin";
  nixos-stable.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-20.09";

  # 环境/系统管理
  darwin.url = "github:hardselius/nix-darwin";
  darwin.inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
  home-manager.url = "github:nix-community/home-manager";
  home-manager.inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";

  # 其他来源
  emacs.url = "github:nix-community/emacs-overlay";
  fish-done = { url = "github:franciscolourenco/done"; flake = false; };
  flake-compat = { url = "github:edolstra/flake-compat"; flake = false; };
  flake-utils.url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";
};

2.3 nixpkgs配置#

overlays变量中的技巧允许我们使用有问题软件包的稳定版本。您可以在home/default.nix中使用stable.pkg而不是pkg

nixpkgsConfig = with inputs; {
  config = {
    allowUnfree = true;
    allowUnsupportedSystem = true;
  };
  overlays = [
    (
      final: prev:
      let
        system = prev.stdenv.system;
        nixpkgs-stable = if system == "x86_64-darwin" then nixpkgs-stable-darwin else nixos-stable;
      in {
        master = nixpkgs-master.legacyPackages.${system};
        stable = nixpkgs-stable.legacyPackages.${system};
      }
    )
    emacs.overlay
  ];
};

2.4 home-manager配置#

homeManagerCommonConfig = with self.homeManagerModules; {
  imports = [
    ./home
    # configs.git.aliases
    # configs.starship.symbols
    # programs.kitty.extras
  ];
};

2.5 nix-darwin配置#

nixDarwinCommonModules = { user }: [
  # 主`nix-darwin`配置
  ./darwin
  # `home-manager`模块
  home-manager.darwinModules.home-manager
  {
    nixpkgs = nixpkgsConfig;
    # 支持使用`<nixpkgs>`等的旧工作流的hack
    # nix.nixPath = { nixpkgs = "$HOME/.config/nixpkgs/nixpkgs.nix"; };
    # `home-manager`配置
    users.users.${user}.home = "/Users/${user}";
    home-manager.useGlobalPkgs = true;
    home-manager.users.${user} = homeManagerCommonConfig;
  }
];

2.6 luca-macbook-pro#

luca-macbookpro = darwin.lib.darwinSystem {
  modules = nixDarwinCommonModules { user = "luca"; } ++ [
    {
      networking = {
        knownNetworkServices = ["Wi-Fi" "Bluetooth PAN" "Thunderbolt Bridge"];
        hostName =  "luca-macbookpro";
        computerName = "luca-macbookpro";
        localHostName = "luca-macbookpro";
      };
    }
  ];
  specialArgs = { inherit inputs nixpkgs; };
};

2.7 github-ci#

githubCI = darwin.lib.darwinSystem {
  modules = nixDarwinCommonModules { user = "runner"; } ++ [
    ({ lib, ... }: { homebrew.enable = lib.mkForce false; })
  ];
};

2.8 home-manager-modules#

# homeManagerModules = {
#   configs.git.aliases = import ./home/configs/git-aliases.nix;
#   configs.gh.aliases = import ./home/configs/gh-aliases.nix;
#   configs.starship.symbols = import ./home/configs/starship-symbols.nix;
#   programs.neovim.extras = import ./home/modules/programs/neovim/extras.nix;
#   programs.kitty.extras = import ./home/modules/programs/kitty/extras.nix;
# };

2.9 cloud-vm#

使用nix build .#cloudVM.activationPackage; ./result/activate进行构建和激活

cloudVM = home-manager.lib.homeManagerConfiguration {
  system = "x86_64-linux";
  homeDirectory = "/home/luca";
  username = "luca";
  configuration = {
    imports = [ homeManagerCommonConfig ];
    nixpkgs = nixpkgsConfig;
  };
};

2.10 dev-shell#

inputs.flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system:
  let
    pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system};
  in {
    devShell = import ./shell.nix { inherit pkgs; };
  });

3 实用命令#

3.1 安装nix(flakes)#

感谢https://github.com/kclejeune/system

# 1.
if [[ $(uname -s) == 'Darwin' ]]; then
    # sh <(curl -L <https://nixos.org/nix/install>) --daemon --darwin-use-unencrypted-nix-store-volume
    sh <(curl -L <https://github.com/numtide/nix-flakes-installer/releases/download/nix-2.4pre20210126_f15f0b8/install>) --daemon --darwin-use-unencrypted-nix-store-volume
else
    sh <(curl -L <https://nixos.org/nix/install>) --daemon
fi

# 2.
git clone [email protected]:lccambiaghi/nixpkgs.git ~/git/nixpkgs

# 3.
cd ~/git/nixpkgs && nix build ".#darwinConfigurations.luca-macbookpro.system" && ./result/sw/bin/darwin-rebuild switch --flake .#luca-macbookpro

3.2 darwin-rebuild#

darwin-rebuild build --flake .#luca-macbookpro
# nix build ".#darwinConfigurations.luca-macbookpro.system"
darwin-rebuild switch --flake .#luca-macbookpro
# ./result/sw/bin/darwin-rebuild switch --flake .#luca-macbookpro

3.3 nix flake update#

nix flake update --update-input nixpkgs

4 Nix#

4.1 基础知识#

集合:

{ "a b" = "c"; count = 2; }

列表:

[42 "a b" (3 + 6) [2 3 4] {x = 2;}]

Lambda:

(x: x + x) 21
# 42

let hi = {name, place}: "Hi ${name} in ${place}!";
in hi { name = "Michael"; place = "Austria";  }

带有默认值的参数:

{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:

<nixpkgs>指的是NIXPATH环境变量中声明的nixpkgs属性的值。

4.2 配置#

配置接受一个属性作为参数,并返回一个属性集

{ pkgs }:

{
  packageOverrides = pkgs: {
    emacs = pkgs.emacs.override {
      withGTK2 = false;
      withGTK3 = false;
      withXwidgets = false;
    };
  };

  allowUnfree = true;
}

4.3 衍生#

衍生接受输入并产生输出。衍生是惰性的,因此只有当它是其他衍生的输入时才会被评估。

derivation {
  name = "hello-world";
  system = "x86_64-linux";
  outputs = [ "out" ];  # 这是默认值,可以省略。
  builder = "${pkgs.bash}/bin/bash";
  args = [ "-c" "echo 'Hello world!' > $out" ];
}

衍生的输出存储在nix存储中。每个衍生的输出由一个哈希定义,该哈希编码了所有输入衍生。如果输入中有任何细微变化,输出哈希将发生变化。

4.4 字符串中的转义#

  • 您可以使用'来转义双引号
  • 您可以使用''来转义美元符号

5 参考#